This study suggests that exposure to leaded gasoline in the U.S. significantly impacted mental health and personality traits, particularly for those born between 1966 and 1986. By 2015, lead exposure was estimated to have caused 151 million excess mental health disorders and increased the population’s overall vulnerability to mental illness by 0.13 standard deviations. Specific effects included higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, more ADHD symptoms, increased neuroticism, and reduced conscientiousness. The findings highlight the long-term consequences of lead exposure on public health, suggesting its impact on mental health and personality may be greater than previously thought.
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